May 08, 2020 cotton production requires land and labor, and slavery was a cheap form of labor. A plantation complex in the southern united states is the built environment or complex that was common on agricultural plantations in the american south from the 17th into the 20th century. All three authors mishandle historical evidence and mischaracterize important events in ways that affect their major. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Lewis period 3 south and north have dramatic growth in the mid19th century southerners spread to new territories of the sw trade. The lucrative cotton production there depended on the successful extension of slavery. By the start of the 19th century, slavery and cotton had become essential to the continued growth of americas economy. Slavery expands from 1790 to 1860, cotton production rose greatly. The spread of plantations in the deep south led to the forced migration known today as slavery s second middle passage. First, lets take a look at the daily life of a slave on a tobacco plantation in south carolina. However, by 1820, political and economic pressure on. The south s role in the world cotton market changed rapidly. Life in the cotton kingdom chapter summary as cotton grew as a cash crop across the south, slavery also expanded through the domestic slave trade, with eastern slaves shipped south and west.
The romanticized story of the old south is the story of slaverys plantations, as famously typified in gone with the wind, a blockbuster 1936 novel and 1939 hollywood spectacular. Most slaves during the period of 1820 to 1860 remained agricultural workers, tending cotton. Newsela southern plantation owners used king cotton to. The extra money saved by keeping slaves instead of. There was a land of cavaliers and cotton fields called the old south. Precivil war africanamerican slavery american memory. Identify the different agricultural regions in the antebellum south as well as the shifting patterns of agricultural production there. Migration and development in the antebellum south 1790. The social structure of the old south was made an important research topic for scholars by ulrike b phillips in the early 20th century. The staple crop economic system and how it shaped commercial life in the old south. Ch 11 apush cotton, slavery, and the old south binder id. Growing cotton required a large work force, and slavery continued to be important as a source of labor. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the americas. The south and slavery, 1790s1850s king cotton and southern expansion the cotton gin and expansion into the old southwest changing attitudes toward slavery the internal slave trade the economics of slavery cotton culture to be a slave the maturing of the american slave system the challenge to survive from cradle to grave house.
For the south, they use estimated earnings in the old south in 1850 for slaves aged 1529 years as read off figures 19 and 22 of fogel and engerman, 1974, vol. Without slavery there never would have been an old south. This machine allowed southern planters to grow a variety of cottonshort staple cottonthat was especially well suited to the climate of the deep south. The founders of the united states believed slavery would eventually fade away.
In short, the old south remained more rural and less diversified economically than the north. Shift of economic power from upper south to lower south. Cotton, slavery, and the old south brian schwartz, period 4 white society in the south honor white society in the south code of chivalry among white males defended honor through duels bravery, dignity, authority the southern lady white society in the south the. Ten books on slavery you need to read politico magazine. The promise of cotton profits encouraged a spectacular rise in the direct importation of african slaves in the years before the transatlantic trade was made illegal in 1808. Cotton, slavery, and the old south section 1 sources. The effect of shortstaple cottons rise on the economic development. South plantation whipping in the antebellum honor, control. The spread of plantations in the deep south led to the forced migration known today as slaverys second middle passage. The romanticized story of the old south is the story of slavery s plantations, as famously typified in gone with the wind, a blockbuster 1936 novel and 1939 hollywood spectacular. Its strength rested on a virtual monopoly of cotton, the souths white gold. The profitability issue the cottonslavery system profited the planter directly, but it probably limited the souths development.
How slavery became the economic engine of the south history. Southern white society everyone in the south owned slaves, right. Brinkley chapter 11 notes 1 brinkley, chapter 11 cotton, slavery, and the old south most important economic development in the mid 19th century was the shift of economic power from the upper south to the lower south the exp and igrc ul to shwf s. Cotton is king the old south was the largest and most powerful slave society the modern world has known. Cotton, slavery, and the old south the cotton economy the rise of king cotton decline of the tobacco economy shortstaple cotton spread of cotton production expansion of slavery agrarian south cotton kingdom twothirds of s.
Areas in the south where cotton farming developed because of the high demand for cotton, georgia, alabama, mississippi, louisiana and texas partly florida slave trade the business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves which had a major part in the souths economy as slaves were needed to keep up cotton production. Slave productivity in cotton production by gender, age. Prior to 1860 know the center of the economic power in the south. How did the rise of cotton cultivation affect the geo. Many rivers to cross the cotton economy and slavery, episode 2 pbs duration. The tremendous growth of agriculture in the old south was dependent on cotton and slavery.
Madi son county, alabama, 18001840 baton rouge, 1997. A greater proportion of is small farmers lived a life of isolation. Pdf slavery is fundamentally an economic phenomenon. Across the south, sharecropping evolved, in which landless farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Brinkley chapter 11 notes marlington local school district. Ch 11 apush cotton, slavery, and the old south livebinder. Tobacco, cotton, and two cows also available for sale. Many slaves from the east were sold south and west to new cotton plantations. Cotton, slavery and the old south free essay example. Slavery and the cotton boom gavin wright university of michigan from the cotton gin until world war ii, the pace of economic expansion in the american south was principally governed by the rate of growth of world cotton demand. C h a p t e r 11 masters and slaves the divided society of. Cotton, slavery and the old south the cotton economy.
Ruby hollinger julia andersen sammi howard allie rae mishler kristin houdyshell taylor walkup annabel lee sessoms anna yoon ap us history mr. Cotton, slavery, and the old south flashcards quizlet. Cotton production requires land and labor, and slavery was a cheap form of labor. This led to the new demand for crops by 1820, the south produced about 500 bales of cotton. This advertisement is not similar to advertisements today.
But when the cotton gin was invented, southern plantation owners grew more reliant than ever on slavery. The relationship between cotton and the african american. Chapter eleven cotton, slavery, and the old south objectives a thorough study of chapter 11 should enable the student to understand 1. The cotton economy cotton was king of the south s economy. The number of slaves in alabama leaped from 4 to 435000, over 10 times. Varieties of cotton in the south longstaple cotton shortstaple cotton sea island lucrative grown in limited areas hardiercoarse grown in varying climates more difficult to process cotton production. Cotton cultivation and its expansion depended on technological development. Slave life on a southern plantation lee county schools. Jul 26, 2015 ten books on slavery you need to read. The new history of capitalism grounds the rise of industrial capitalism on the production of raw cotton by american slaves. C h a p t e r 11 masters and slaves the divided society. Dec 18, 2019 by the start of the 19th century, slavery and cotton had become essential to the continued growth of americas economy. Cotton, slavery, and the new history of capitalism. Ask students to explain why cotton ruled the south.
By 1830s upper south began to grow wheat, tobacco growing shifted westward. Slavery and the old south pearson learning solutions. Phillips, the economic cost of slaveholding in the cotton belt, political. Many landowners in the united states from the 1600s onward purchased people to be used as slaves from areas of the world like africa to work in the cotton fields, as a. Plantation complexes in the southern united states wikipedia. Southern regions of south sc, ga, fl continued growing rice, gulf some sugarcrops limited bc hard to cultivate. Cotton remained a key crop in the southern economy after slavery ended in 1865.
The south was the only area in the western world where slavery still existed slavery isolated the south from the rest of american society as isolation increased, commitment to defend the. However, by 1820, political and economic pressure on the south placed a. Southern plantations were generally selfsufficient settlements that relied on the forced labor of slaves, similar. Chapter 6 life in the cotton kingdom 68 chapter six. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves. Identify and describe the different regions of the south and how they were distinct from one another. Many slaves from the upper south were moved to the cotton states who were accompanying masters. The dependence on slavery and cotton impeded industrialization in the south. The reality that the rise of cotton in the south increased their dependency upon northern industry and commerce, caused by. Chapter 11 slavery and the old south building a diverse cotton kingdom the expansion of slavery in a global economy in 1860 the american south, if independent, would have been one of the wealthiest countries in the world based on the revenue of the cotton trade.
The old south and slavery, 18301860 chapter 12 in the early morning hours of august 22, 1831, nat turner and six other slaves slipped into the house of joseph travis in southampton county in. The economics of industrial slavery in the old south jstor. The complex included everything from the main residence down to the pens for livestock. But contrary to myth, the south was an area of great diversity, regionally, socially, and in. Cotton, and its reliance on slave labor, spread from virginia to the south and west.
The rise of king cotton as the defining feature of southern life revitalized slavery. Worlds in conflict the old south was deeply divided by class, race. Brinkley, chapter 11 cotton, slavery, and the old south. The plantation owners house was very different from the slaves quarters.
Precivil war americans regarded southerners as distinct people, who. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus gossypium in the mallow family malvaceae. Slavery in america was the fuel for a global cotton economy. The hardier shortstaple cotton could have been cultivated successfully across large areas. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. The premium pro 50 gb plan gives you the option to download a copy of.
The cotton economy farmers in the south continued to grow tobacco, rice, and sugar until cotton became the major cash crop. The cotton economy cotton was king of the souths economy. But contrary to myth, the south was an area of great diversity, regionally, socially, and in terms of class and slave ownership. Recent works include sven beckerts empire of cotton, walter johnsons river of dark dreams, and edward baptists the half has never been told. Slaves were needed to tend to and harvest cotton crops during this cotton surgence. What was the most important economic development in the south of the mid19c. Ap us history ch11 cotton, slavery, and the old south. Many landowners in the united states from the 1600s onward purchased people to be used as slaves from areas of the world like africa to work in the cotton fields, as a way to keep operating expenses to a minimum. The historian who wrote the south prior to the civil war grew, but did not develop meant that a. The plantation south key terms and people cotton gin slave.